SEIZURES-TREATMENTS-INTRODUCTORY
Seizures are pathological conditions in which the patient frequently suffered by abnormal synchronized electrical depolarization of neurons in the central nervous system.The episodes are commonly called as convulsions and more technically by the name seizures.
Seizures are generally caused by the following factors:-
1.Idiopathic
2.CNS Infecions
3.Fever
4.Metabolic Defects
5.Cerebral Trauma
Types Of Seizures
1.Partial
2.Generalized tonic/clonic
3.Status Epilepticus
4.Absence
5.Febrile
6.Myoclonic
1.Partial Seizures
A partial seizure is the one in which abnormal discharges occur from a focal area within the brain.
a)Simple Partial Seizure
In this type a focal neurological symptom involves that can be sensory like visual or auditory hallucinations,motor or psychomotor.Conciousness always retained.
b)Complex Partial Seizures
In this type the initial focus of abnormal discharge spreads so that patient will loose conciousness and have post seizure confusions.Symptoms can include coordinated motor activity and olfactory hallucinations.
Complex partial seizures most probably originates in the temporal lobes.
2.Generalized Tonic /Clonic(Grand mal)
This type of seizures originates from the entire cerebral cortex(The whole brain)
a)Tonic Phase
The symptoms are loss of conciousness,rigidity,and loss of motion and urine control
b)Clonic Phase
The symptoms are jerking of the entire body.
Grand mal can develop at any time even from a partial seizure if unattended.
c)Status Epilepticus
Grand mal with tonic seizure can develop this state of medical emergency which contains continuous seizures without regaining conciousness.
3.Absences (Petit mal)
These types of seizures usually occur in children of age 2 to 12 years of age.
They are characterized by very brief (10 seconds) loss of conciousness with the episodes of stop doings and stare or facial twisting.
Following the attack the child become immediately alert and is seldom even aware that it has occured.
4.Febrile Seizures
Usually occur in small children
They loss less than 10 minutes.
Sympoms are usually a fever without a cause or infection.
5.Myoclonic Seizures
The usual symptoms are sudden short episodes of either local or generalized muscle contractions.
They can occur at any age.
They are associated with very rare variety of hereditary neurodegenerative disorders.
6.Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group of chronic recurrent seizures with periods of conciousness.This condition is usually affecting a 1% population.
