SUN PROTECTION

OTC TREATMENTS FOR SUN RADIATION PROBLEMS-1

The scotching summer is ahead.In tropical countries like Middle East the summer would roast the sands continously for eight months.In other parts of the world like Europe,Eastern Asia,Central Australia,and the Americas there are frequent attacks of heat waves with the raises in mercurily level as high as 45 Degree Celcius.
Our skin is more vulnerable to the attacks of heat waves especially by the Ultra Violet region of the EMR radiating from the SUN.Generally over exposure to the scotching sunlight will damage our skin
SUNTAN  is a skin response to injury by sunlight.Only UV over exposure of the skin would produce SUNTAN and SUNBURN

THE ULTRA VIOLET SPECTRUM:-

UV-B in mild exposure by evening sunlight is responsible for the preparation of Vitamin-D3 by our body from skin cholesterol
UV-B radiation is erythrogenic and long time exposure to it at peak hours like 10 a.m to 2 p.m it can cause severe erythema and skin cancers.

The sunburn is more likely to occur in high altitudes as UV-B intensity increases by every 4 % with an increased altitude height by every 250 meters. Our solar radiation contains electrical (vertical) and as well as corrospondig magnetic (horizontal) oscillating waves.Hence this is generally known as Electro-Magnetic Radiations or simply by the term EMR.
This EMR contains three portions as Ultra-viotet,Visible and Infra-red regions.Out of these three regions the Ultra-Violet or the UV region is having the heat waves with more frequent and congestive waves with shortest lenghths with the highest skin penetrating power.
The UV spectrum ranges from 200 to 400 nanometers(nm).A nanometer is one thousandth of a millimeter.Imagine the shortest lenghth of one UV wave to another.Therefore the waves are highly frequent with high penetrating power and the most dangerous.
Further the UV radiation is devided into A,B,and C. and each differ from the other by the wavelengths with corrosponding frequencies as follows:-
UV-A :-The smallest sizes of photon radiation with shortest wavelenghths ranges from 320-400 nm.UVA is having more penetrating power and can pass the ozone layer to reach the earth 10 to 100 times more than UV-B.As these are very small photons hence they are less likely causes erythema but these UV-A deeply penetrating into the dermis and make the skin more vulnarable to the effect of UV-B which is carcinogenic.Also UV-A can produce photoaging and photodermatoses on prolonged exposure.
Becareful when you go for a walking when the season is cloudy and pleasant,and on a fullmoon out walk as these seasons are the one with maximum UV-A radiations.
Further UV-A can be divided into two as 1,and 2.UV-A-1 is less likely erythrogenic and melanogenic than UV-A-2 and the UV-A-2 is more likely to UV-B.
UV-A is often tanning boths and is often entertained in the psoralen plus UV-A(PUVA) treatment of psoriasis.
UV-B they are radiations of little bit bigger photonic particles than UV-A particles with the wave lengths of 290nm to 320nm.As these are bigger particles and having less penerating power than the UV-A particles but still they can pass the ozone layer and reaches the earth,and produces more serious effects to the skin like skin erythemas,and skin cancers.
These radiations causes sunburn and suntan more effectively.A proper exposure to this radiation during sunbath with a fixed and calculated time by your skin doctor,you can get a good protective suntan at your skin.
SUNTAN is natural way of tanning or blackening your skin by calculative exposure to the sulight to protect your skin from further damages by the sun.UV-B radiation is good skin tanner because it is melonogenic.But a doctor should advice.Also a small exposure to this radiati
UV-C:-It is bigger particles than the other two radiation the least penetrating power because they have long wavelength with less frequencies and hence most of them are retained by the ozone layer from not reacing the earth.

OTHER SKIN REACTIONS TO SUNLIGHT

1.Actinic keratosis it is a precancerous condition may happen after long time sun exposure.It is typically araising at the middle or later age,with the manifestations of sharp demarcated,roughened hardened growth,which may be fltened or raise leads to squamous cell carcinoma.
2.Skin cancers
A.Squamous cell carcinoma Leasions apperaed mostly as thickened rough particles which can bleed.Among the skin cancers it accounts for 15%
B.Basel cell carcinoma It appears as pearly transluscent bumps and originates in the basal cell.It accounts for 80% of the skin cancers.
C.Malignant melanoma originates from the melanocytes and is the most dangerous form of skin cancers.It is charectorised by the changes in the appearances of moles such as colour fading,dissappearing,shape and borders of the mole becomes irregular,asymmetrical,and diameter over 6 m.m.
3.Drugs Induced Skinreactions
A.Photo-Allergic Reactions occur when light makes a drug into an antigen or a photoallergen (Hapten) if the drug is repeatedly used as skin creams.For example some creams or ointments if repeatedly uses may suddenly produce skin rashes as they become allergents due to light.
B.Phototoxic reactions occurs when light transfer a drug into a toxic form,which result into a tissue damage.
C.Implicated Drugs Many drugs are implicated in causing photo allergy or photo toxic reactions.(e.g)1.thiazides;2.tetracyclines;3.Phenothiazines;4.Sulphonamides;and sunscreens.Some drugs are producing both photo toxic and photo allergic reactions.
4.Photodermatoses They are photo reactions caused by light of specific wavelenghths.(e.g)1.Polymorphous light erruptions;2.Lupus erythematous;and solar urticaria.
5.Photoaging It is the aged appearence of skin by sun exposure and not by real aging.Dry,scaly,yellow skin with deep wrinkles,thin and more fragile.
SUNSCREEN AGENTS
People can protect their skin from violent UV radiations by avoiding exposure,by wearing protective clothings and by applying sunscreen agents.
The sunscreens should be applied evenly throughout all the exposed parts of our skin,30 minutes to 2 hrs (for PABA and PABA esters),before sun exposure to allow proper penetration,and binding to the skin.
Persipiration,swimming,bathing,clothing,sand baths,towel bath may remove the sunscreen and needed to be reapplied.
Hence we must by the products after seeing the labels for the how for the products substand inspite of persipiration and swimming.
If a product is labelled as water proof that means it can adhere on the skin upto a maximum period of 80 minutes swimming
If a product is labelled as water resistant means it can withstand with our skin upto a maximum period of 40 minutes swimming.
Sunscreens should be noted in the label for their Sun Protection Factor (SPF).Baby oils,mineral oil,olive oil,and cocoa butter are not sunscreens but can be used to produce a Tan.
SPF of 30 is enough to give 97% protection from the UV radiation.The American FDA is recommending the upper limitation of SPF is 30 only any benifits getting by increasing this limit is interestingly negligible.An SPF of 15% is the upper limitation set by Skin Cancer Foundation.Hence products with SPF mor than 30 as SPF 50 ,SPF 100 etc.etc on the labels are merely for business attractions and of no use.
SPF can be calculated by Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) of the protected skin devided by that of the unprotected skin
MED is defined as the amount of sun radiation needed to produce minimal skin redness.
For example a man who gets minimal skin redness by the exposure of his skin 20minutes to the sun and want to stay in the sun for 120 minutes can use a sunscreen with the SPF of 6 as (120/20=6).When he use the sun screen of SPF-6 should its substantivity so that it must not be femoved by swimming or clothing.
An SPF of 15 can give 93% protection from the UV-B radiation.
Some people may get allergic reactions to some sunscreen cream beware of that.

TYPES OF SUNSCREENS

Physical sun blocks are opaque preparations that can block from UV to visible portions (290 nm to 700 nm) of the sunlight.These products often contains concenterated Titanium Di Oxide,and Zinc Oxide.These products are not attractive for greater area use but can be used in smaller areas like upper nose.Newer products with diluted titanium dioxides are available and are more cosmetic and attractive.Red Petrolatum covers a spectrum of 290 nm to 365 nm.
Chemical sun screens acts by absorbing a specific portion of the UV radiation inorder to prevent to reach the skin.These are of 5 groups as followsl:-
1.PARA AMINO BENZOIC ACID (PABA) and its esters primarily absorbs UV-B radiations (e,g) p-amino benzoic acid,glyceryl PABA,padimate-O.
Cinnamates primarily absorb UV-B rays.(e.g) cinoxate,octyl methoxycinnate.
Salicylate primarily absorb UV-B rays.(e.g) ethyl hexyl salicylate and homosalate.
Benzophenones absorb UV-B and a portion of UV-A rays.(e.g) oxybenzone,dioxybenzone.Because of their extensive coverage these can be used for photosensitivity reactions.
Miscellaneous the newer product butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane prvides full coverage UV-A and UV-B .This product with the combination of oxybenzone,and octyl methoxycinnamate offers the greatest protection in both UV-A and UV-B
Special agents of interests
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) it offer an artificial suntan by reacting with keratin in the stratum corneum
It is not offering protection from UV rays and it is not producing natural looking tan.It's can withstand for a limited period and would peel off automatically.Also it will discolour hair and clothing.
Beta carotene a vitamin-A precursor can produce discolouration when taken orally.It is protective against some forms of abnormal photosensitivity like erythropoietic protoporphyria.But it is not protective against sunburn in normal individuals.
Tyrosine As tyrosine is a precursor in the synthesis of tan producing pigment melanin it is also used as an tanning agent but it is not a proved agent.

ARTHRITIS-A REVIEW

ANTI- ARTHRITIS

Arthritis is a painful episodes that mostly happened in our joints,muscles surrounding joints and less likely in all other parts of our body.It is of various types such as Osteo arthritis Rheumatic arthritis and Gout.

Arthritis is mainly due to the inflammation of the affected area.These inflammations are due to the release of various inflammatory agents especially the prostaglandins.Prostaglandins are hormone like secretions by the muscular tissues in response to various stimuli by some events such as injury and acid secretions to express the body language.mostly inflammation

In general inflammation is the reaction of vascularised living tissue to injury.

The main body chemical mediators to initialize the inflammation are known as Prostaglandins.Prostaglandins are localised tissue secretions and are not circulating in the blood.

Prostaglandins are belonging to a group of body chemicals known as ecosanoids as they are mostly prepared by our body from an omega three fatty acid known as ecosatetranoic acid or arachidonic acid.Arachidonic acid is a part of phospholipids present in our body tissues and is released by phospholipase A2.

There are other ecosanoids such as prostacyclines,leucotrienes and thromboxane and evch contribute to form different events of inflammation.A few examples has been given below:-

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2):- Erythema

Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) :- Vasodilation

Leucotriene C2  :- edema

Leucotriene D4 :- vasodilation

All of the above :-pain,tenderness
Arthritis of any type has no permanent cure.But the best we can hope is temporary relief.All NSAIDs may give good releif for the inflammatory pains with the excemption of Aspirin during the episodes of Gout due to hyperuricemia as Aspirin is an Anti Uricosuric that means it would block uric acid excretion.Aspirin can be used for any other episodes of Arthritis with caution for GI distress ,bleeding and Ulcers.Not only Aspirin all other  NSAIDs have these disadvantages.
Paracetamol can be tried for mild arthritic pains because it is not a perfect anti inflammatory drug but would not disturb the digestive system.Paracetamol in high doses cannot be used as it may harm the liver.
Careless use of NSAIDs can be fatal as in one occation the American FDA released figures of NSAID deaths per year in USA alone was 10000 to 20000 and interestingly these figures were more than the yearly death figures due to illicit drugs like,cocain,marijuana,opium etc.etc.This is mostly because people think that only prescription drugs are harmfull for long time use and not the OTC drugs.This is utter wrong.Even a OTC medicine can be fatal if we use it carelessly.A woman used 15 tablets of Brufen by ignoring the manufacturers warning of not exceed 6 tablets per day.An exhamination for a heavy stomach pain she experienced shown that she damaged her stomach's inner protective linings.Then she pushed back to 10 tablets per day as she thought the manufacture's warning was over cautious.This is utter wrong.

NSAIDs

(NON STEROIDAL ANTI INFLAMMATORY DRUGs):-

-AN OVER VIEW:-

These drugs belongs to a class of dissimilar agents that act by inhibiting the cycloxygenase enzyme and subsquently the synthesis of Prostaglandins.

SALICYLATES

Aspirin 

Salsalate

PYRAZOLINES

Phenylbutazone-Extremely toxic can damage blood WBC to produce Agranulocytosis

ACETIC ACIDS

Indomethacin(Indocid)-Can be used in Gout attacks-Cautious to kidneys

Sulindac

Etodolac

Ketorolac-An excellent analgesic

PROPIONIC ACIDS

Ibuprofen (Brufen)

Naproxen

Ketoprofen

OXICAMS

Piroxicam (Feldene)-Longer halflife and hence once daily dose is enough.

FENAMATES

Mefenamic Acid

Meclofenamic Acid 

USES

Aspirin differ from other NSAIDs by irriversibly inhibiting cyclooxigenase while others are riversibly inhibiting it.Also Aspirin has antiplatelet activity which last for longer time atleast for 7 days the lifespan of a platelet Aspirin can be very usefull in preventing Myocardial Heart Attacks.

In general NSAIDs are used as an anti inflammatory,Antipyretic,Analgesic and antiplatelet activities.

SLOW ACTING ANTI RHEUMATIC DRUGS (SARDS)

1.Methotrexate

2.Gold salts

3.Penicillamine

4.Hydrochloroquine

These drugs are acting very slowly may take several months for the effects to become real.But it should be warned that a prolonged use may result in serious side effects including a remission of the rheumatic attack.Hence these medicines should be used under doctor's strict supervisions.These medicines should be tried only if the other therapies fail.These are not first line agents.

  

(To be continued)

AN INTERESTING NEWS FOR DIABETICS

New drugs, treatment make diabetes management easier

TNN | Apr 13, 2016, 01.10 AM IST

Chennai: Many people with diabetes have to suffer several needle pricks a day- they have to get their fingers jabbed for routine blood tests and take insulin shots to keep their sugar level under control.

Scientists are now trying to reduce the daily discomfort and pain for people with diabetes by advising them to use sensors and devices to check their sugar levels. One such solution is the ambulatory glucose profiler, which works on a coin-sized sensor, and gives 1,400 readings. "You stick it on your upper arm for 15 days. The doctor can remove the sensor and pass it through a reader to get the readings and graphs," said diabetologist Dr V Mohan. He said technology was changing healthcare, and an example is how a device like Google Glass can give readings by scanning iris.

It is not just monitoring, even drug delivery can be non-invasive. Insulin pumps, in existence for about three decades as an alternative to multiple daily injections of insulin, are being improved. "Monitoring devices can be attached to these pumps to switch them on and off automatically. Prototypes of pumps that can manage high and low blood sugar levels have been developed," Dr Mohan said.

On Tuesday, a company announced in Chennai an injectible drug that can delay a diabetic's switchover from tablets to insulin shots. Edgard Olaizola, MD, Lilly India, said the drug is the first injectible when a patient is not able to keep the sugar under control with oral medication. "It has a molecule that mimics the effects of GLP-1, a hormone that helps keep the sugar level normal by helping the body release its insulin," he said. India has around 65 million diabetics. A paper published recently in Lancet found that 15.3% of adults with diabetes are from India. The paper, based on data from 751 studies, involving 4.4 million adults from 200 countries, showed that the prevalence of diabetes has increased 80% in women and more than doubled in men in the country.

PAINFULL MENSES PERIODS AND RELIEVES

DYSMENORRHEA

Some women are experiencing painful periods during the end gap of one cycle for a period several days to start another cycle.The condition is known as dysmenorrhea.

Menses  

It is a cyclic periodical discharge of blood and other physiological wastes through the vagina of a non pregnant woman in order clean the system at the end of one period with the duration of some days to start the next period.

Dysmenorrhea is of two types 1.Primary 2.Secondary

Primary Dysmenorrhea is a painfull mensturation with prostaglandin discharge in the absence of any identifiable pelvic disorder

Secondary Dysmenorrhea is associated with any identifyable pelvic disorders.

Symptoms 

Nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,headache,dizziness,and lower abdominal cramping which may some times spread to back and legs.

Treatments

Treatments should be based on the degree of pain experienced by an individual.Usually the pain associated with dysmenorrhea may hardly last for two three days only.If the pain continue for longer periods it must be referred to your physician as it may be due to some underlying causes.

Treatments in the beginning may start with aspirin or paracetamol.Naproxen may be a drug of choice among the NSAIDs followed by Ibuprofen.The dosage recipe can be started one or two days before the menses starts followed by another two to three days to be continued within ihe cycle duration.

The Dosage for Naproxen is mentioned in the PDR is start with 550 mg followed by 275 mg for every 6 to 8 hrs.and not to exceed 1375mg per day.

Naproxen is available on the pharmacy OTC as Aleve,Naprosyn etc with each ablet contain 220 mg of Naprosyn Sodium for women's self treatment.The label comes with the packing reads 1 tablet every 8 to 12 hrs.But a woman can follow the optional regimen of take 2 caplet at the start followed by 1 caplet every  12 hrs if pain persists.Do not exceed 12 tablets per day.

In case of Ibuprove which is also said to be effective in releiving menstural cramps is available with perfect formulation in the pharmacy OTC as Cramp Releiving Midol-IB,Cramp End Tablets,Halran,Midol-200,Pamprin and Trendar.

But a 400 mg Brufen 1 tablets 2 imes daily or a single dosage of 600 mg can solve the problem.

Mensural Migrains are also an another annoying experience during the periods are common to some women

Conclusion

See pains are symptoms of body language to express he underlying serious causes such as ovarian or endometrial disorders.Hence simply aking painkillers for a limitless periods may result into disaster.

 

 

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF FRUIT JUICES

FRUIT JUICES

Summer started.More sunny days with dryness and sweatings are ahead.Fruit Juice Malls,Juice shops are now itself started with packed crowds.Hyper Markets and Grocery shops are preparing and getting ready with their racks fillied with colourfull pakets and tins of various preserved and processed juices  and nonpreserved the so called fresh juices.On the otherhand there are big big tins and bottles of preserved and processed artificial juices both in liquid and powedered forms.

First thing we must learn how to protect our body from dehydration by this pricky summer heat.Our body is comprised of 90% water to maintain our health such as blood circulation tissue metabolism digestion absorption assimilation and excretion etc.etc.For this consuming water is very important.People likes to take water in delicious way.That is why mostly they prefer fruit juices,tender coconut water etc.etc.rather to take plain water.

There is no doubt that liquids such as fruit juices  solve our thirsty and dehydration immediately than the fruits itself.But one thing keep in your mind in general all fruits are having active sugars in various proportions.Eventhough sugar in the form of glucose is body's daily need as energy there are limitations.These limitations are provided in naturally occuring fresh fruits by the Almighty Allah as Fibers, Vitamins, Antioxidents and various natural Additives.Sugar when you take along with these additives especially fibers provided by God is totally harmless more especially for Diabetics.This is possible only by taking raw fruits as they are, rather than by juices.Because in juice shops when you order a mango juice or an apple juice or an orange juice they would prepare them in electronic juicers which would automatically remove all the healthy additives by filteration and leave a clear attractive juice with only sugar and will be given to you in a colourfull juice glass with matching coloured beautifull straw.Ofcourse by drinking this you get an immediate releif from your striking thirsty and dehydration but at the same time you  harm your body with a heavy load of sugar into your blood and an unnecessary over stimulation to your pancreas.

But still you are craving for juice bring the fresh fruits from the market and prepare juice with sufficient water and without sugar without filtering and drink it in a cloudy form.This is better than the clear juice.

Now comes to the preserved and processed juices.They all contains artificially added additives such as sodium benzoate a preservative in common practice which nowadays said to cause Leukimia,the blood cancer.

There are some packed fresh juices with a labelling of "No preservatives";"No Artificial Flavouring" and "No Additives" are available on the shelves of the Malls.Beware of these products in spite of there "No" labellings they may still contains many hidden invisible chemical additives to keep their product atleast for three days from expiry.Everythings are now commercial.So cheating is common.Hence beware of that.

FRUITS THAT CAN BE SAFELY COSUMED BY DIABETICS

A delicious and safe way of eating Fruits by Diabetics are given below:- See the video https://www.youtu.be/1CSG439DQUI

(If any difficult to load the above link please copy and paste it at your Google or any other search browsers)

GUAVA IS CONTAINING LOW SUGAR LEVEL AS ITS GLYCEMIC INDEX IS VERY LOW. IT HAS BEEN PROVED THAT EATING GUAVA WITHOUT SKIN WILL REDUCE SUGAR ABSORPTION ACCORDING TO I-SHOVE UNIVERSITY STUDY

GUAVA IS GOOD FOR PREVENTING PROSTATE CANCER

GUAVA IS FIBER RICH HENCE IT IS GOOD TO RELIEVE CONSTIPATION COMMON IN DIABETES AND PREVENT TO GET DM TYPE 2

1/2 CUP OF GUAVA CONTAINS 7gms OF ACTIVE NET CARBOHYDRATES,4.5gms OF FIBER AND 61 calories

EVEN THOUGH ITS GLYCEMIC INDEX IS NOT SCIENTIFICALLY ESTABLISHED IT IS VERY SAFE TO DIABETICS AS IT'S GLYCEMIC LOAD IS VERY LOW AS 2 FOR ONE 1

POMEGRANATE (Punica Granatum Linn) HAS BEEN PROVED AS IT IS GOOD FOR THE HEART OF A DIABETIC PATIENT PROTECTING IT FROM DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
POMEGRANATE IS MOSTLY ACTIVE AGAINST DIABETES NOT BY THE PULP OR JUICE BUT BY THE SEEDS, PEELS, AND ITS FLOWERS. ITS MECHANISMS OF ACTION AGAINST DIABETES MELLITUS IS BY REDUCING OXIDATIVE STRESS AND LIPID PEROXIDATION.
POMEGRANATE CONTAINS PUNICALAGIN, ELLAGIC ACID, GALLIC ACID, OLEANOLIC ACID, URSOLIC AND UALLIC ACIDS WHICH ARE ALL BELIEVED TO BE ANTIDIABETIC.MOREOVER, THE PULP AND JUICE ALSO CONTAINS ANTIOXIDANTS. BUT BEWARE THAT JUICE ARE TO BE AVOIDED AS THEY NOT CONTAIN FIBERS
SINCE THIS FRUIT CONTAINS A LITTLE BIT MORE SUGAR AND LESS FIBER BUT ITS GLYCEMIC INDEX IS 58 WHICH IS SAFER AND BELOW THE UPPER LEVEL OF 77 AND GLYCEMIC LOAD IS 10 THE FRUIT SHOULD BE CONSUMED WITH A DAILY LIMIT OF 5oz (150gms) MAXIMUM FOR SAFETY. BUT ITS SEEDS AND PEELS ARE HAVING HIGH VALUE FOR DIABETICS 

APPLES, ON THE OTHER HAND, IS UNDOUBTEDLY GOOD FOR DIABETICS. THEY ARE RICH IN SOLUBLE FIBERS WHICH HELPS THE BODY TO ABSORB SUGAR GRADUALLY AND IN A REDUCED MANNER INTO THE BLOOD. SOLUBLE FIBERS ALSO BOOST IMMUNITY AND HELPS DIABETIC WOUNDS TO HEAL FASTER.
APPLE CONTAINS QUERCETIN A POLYPHENOL WHICH BY RESEARCH HAS BEEN PROVED THAT IT IMPROVES GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN LIVER AND SKELETAL MUSCLES IN VITRO BY MICE AND TEST TUBES.
APPLE'S GLYCEMIC INDEX RANGES FROM 28 TO 44 FROM UNRIPEN TO RIPEN FRUIT WELL BELOW THE UPPER LIMIT 77. BUT BECAUSE OF ITS SOLUBLE FIBER CONTENT A DIABETIC CAN TAKE ONE APPLE PER DAY SAFELY

GRAPES RED, GREEN, AND BLACK ALL CONTAIN SUGAR AND FIBERS. BUT THE RICH IN FIBER CONTENT WOULD LIMIT THE ABSORPTION OF SUGAR TO MINIMAL LEVEL. HENCE TAKING THESE FRUITS IN LIMITED QUANTITY MAY NOT SPIKE THE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL SUDDENLY BECAUSE OF THE SOLUBLE FIBER. HALF Half a cup of red grapes for diabetics contain only 52 calories. This serving of red grapes also contains about 11.69 grams of sugar. Of this, 0.11 grams is sucrose, 5.43 grams glucose, and 6.14 grams of fructose. These also contain a small amount of fiber that can help your health. Diabetic Association also recommends Grapes for diabetes as they do not cause a sudden spike in blood sugar levels. Green grapes are more in fiber contents than its black and red varieties    
GRAPES ARE RICH IN FRUCTOSE WHICH WOULD NOT INCREASE CALORIES AND DO NOT NEED INSULIN TO METABOLISE. THREE SERVINGS OF HALF A CUP EACH MAY BE THE PERFECT DAILY LIMIT. GRAPES ARE HIGHLY NUTRITIOUS

AVOCADO IS ALSO A FRUIT WHICH IS GOOD FOR DIABETICS BECAUSE OF ITS LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX. AN AVERAGE SIZE OF THE FRUIT WILL YIELD SUGAR AS AVAILABLE CARBOHYDRATE ONLY 3 TO 6 GMS TO OUR BLOOD OUT OF TOTAL CARBOHYDRATE  CONTENT OF THE FRUIT SUCH AS 30 GMS. A DIABETIC PATIENT GENERALLY CAN TAKE SUGAR UPTO 45 GMS  AVOCADO IS SAFER. SINCE AVOCADO IS LOW IN GLYCEMIC LOAD AND RICH IN FIBER IT IS SAFER THAN ANY OTHER FRUIT FOR DIABETICS. IT IS RICH IN MONOHYDRICUNSATURATED FATS. HENCE IT IS GOOD FOR REDUCING BAD CHOLESTEROL.
AVOCADO IS RICH IN VITAMINS SUCH AS K, B6, PANTOTHENIC ACID, FOLIC ACID, AND POTASSIUM.

ORANGES ARE HAVING LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX AND LOW GLYCEMIC LOAD OF ABOUT 5 GMS AND ALSO FIBER RICH AND VIT.C IT IS GOOD FOR A DIABETIC PATIENT.
MOREOVER, CITRU FRUITS LIKE ORANGES AND GRAPE FRUITS ARE RICH IN VITAMIN C WHICH IS GOOD FOR FOR VARIOUS PROBLEMS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS. FOR EXAMPLE OPHTHALMIC RETINOPATHY, AND PAINFUL PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY ARE ALL CAUSED BY THE INCREASED SORBITOL LEVEL IN THE EYES AND NEURONS. VITAMIN C IS SAID TO BE REDUCING THE SORBITOL LEVEL IN ALL THE WAYS.
CITRUS FRUITS ARE HAVING FLAVONOIDS WHICH IS IMPROVING TISSUE INSULIN UPTAKE BY REDUCING THE PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE. THEY ARE REGULATING LIVER ENZYMES TO IMPROVE GLUCOSE UPTAKE.
CAUTION TO BE TAKEN WHILE TAKING OTHER MEDICATIONS ALONG WITH CITRUS FRUITS SUCH AS GRAPEFRUIT AS THESE FRUITS ALSO HAVING FURANOCOUMARINS WHICH IS LIVER CYTOCHROME 450 INHIBITOR WHICH MAY CAUSE SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS WITH ..STATINS, CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS, AND BENZODIAZEPINES SUCH AS DIAZEPAM, ALPRAZOLAM, AND TRIAZOLAM.

OLIVE FRUIT IT HAS BEEN PROVED THAT A DIET RICH IN OLIVE FRUITS AND OIL NOT ONLY CURE DIABETES ALSO PREVENT THE ONSET OF THE DISEASE BY ITS SUGAR LESS CONTENT AND FIBER RICHNESS. THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE BENEFITS OLIVE OIL IS ITS EFFECT ON RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERON SYSTEM IN AN HEALTHY WAY TO PREVENT THE COMPLICATION OF DIABETIC DAMAGES OF KIDNEYS AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS SUCH AS ATHEROSCLEROSIS, THE MAI FACTOR OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND ANGINA ALTHOUGH THE GLYCEMIC INDEX OF THE FRUIT IS WELL ESTABLISHED THE GLYCEMIC LOAD IS FOR 1oz(30gms) =0; AND FOR 100 gms =1.HENCE IT IS HEALTHIEST FRUIT FOR DIABETICS

JAMUN FRUIT (நாவற்பழம்)  IS ALSO A KIND OF FRUIT WITH A LITTLE ACIDIC AND ASTRINGENT TASTE IS GOOD FOR DIABETES. ALSO, ITS POWDERED SEEDS CAN BE TAKEN AS DICOTION. BECAUSE THIS FRUIT IS ENRICHED WITH FRUCTOSE A KIND OF SUGAR WHICH DOES NOT NEED INSULIN TO METABOLIZE IT IS GOOD FOR DIABETICS.
WONDERFULLY JAMUN FRUIT IS TOTALLY FREE FROM SUCROSE THE DISACHCHARIDE WHICH IS A DANGEROUS SUGAR WHICH CAUSES  SPIKES IN THE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL
JAMUN FRUITS ALSO HAVING VITAMINS AND MINERALS.
.LOWER GLYCEMIC INDEX.AN AVERAGE SIZE OF PEACH WILL GIVE MERELY 2GMS OF AVAILABLE CARBOHYDRATE IT CAN BE TAKEN BY A DIABETIC PATIENTS SAFELY ONE FRUIT PER DAY.ALSO, IT IS RICH IN VITAMINS AND FIBERS.

PLUMS ARE FIBER RICH FRUITS WITH SUGAR AND NUTRIENTS BE AS AN HEALTHY DIET FOR DIABETICS. DAILY MAXIMUM 3 FRESH FRUITS UNSWEETENED AND NOT ARTIFICIALLY CANNED IN HEAVY SYRUP CAN BE TAKEN SAFELY BY DIABETICS. THOUGH PLUMS CONTAIN SUGAR IT WOULD BE SLOWLY AND GRADUALLY ABSORBED BY OUR BODY DUE TO ITS RICH FIBER CONTENT. SLOW AND GRADUAL ABSORPTION OF SUGAR FROM FOOD IS GOOD AND HEALTHY FOR DIABETICS
CARB CONTENT AND GLYCEMIC VALUES OF PLUMS:
1/2 CUP SLICED PLUMS CONTAINS 8 gms ACTIVE CARBOHYDRATES,1gm FIBER, AND 38 CAL.ENERGY
1 MEDIUM SIZED PLUM (2.5" DIAMETER AND 2.3 oz) CONTAINS 8 gms ACTIVE CARB ,1 gm. FIBER AND 30 CAL ENERGY.
AVERAGE GLYCEMIC INDEX IS = 39 (<77,SAFE)
GLYCEMIC LOAD IS =2 (<10,SAFE)

BLUEBERRIES ( அவுரி நெல்லி ) SIMILAR TO THE PINEAPPLE BLUEBERRIES WITH DAILY HALF A SERVING CUP CONSUMPTION WOULD NOT SPIKE THE BLOOD   GLUCOSE LEVEL IMMEDIATELY BECAUSE, OF ITS RICHNESS IN FIBER,LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX AND LOW GLYCEMIC LOAD.75 GM CONSUMPTION WOULD YIELD A 10 GM CARBOHYDRATE TO THE BLOOD GRADUALLY INCREASE THE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL WHICH IS GOOD FOR DIABETICS FOR THEIR DAILY CALORIE NEEDS. BLUEBERRIES GLYCEMIC INDEX IS 53 BLUEBERRIES CONTAINS A CHEMICAL KNOWN AS ANTHOCYANINS WHICH ARE PROVED TO IMPROVE THE GLUCOSE UPTAKE IN MICE.BLUE BERRIES ARE RICH IN FIBERS WHICH ALSO BENEFICIAL FOR SLOW YIELD OF CARBOHYDRATES INTO THE BLOOD.A 3/4 CUP SERVING OF BLUE BERRIES DAILY IS ENOUGH.

PEARS ARE THE FIBER RICH FRUITS AND BECAUSE OF ITS FIBER CONTENT, ITS GLYCEMIC INDEX IS LOW. A MEDIUM SIZE PEAR CONTAINS ABOUT 7 GMS OF FIBER CONTENT A 25% OF OUR BODY NEEDS. PEAR IS A GOOD SOURCE OF VITAMIN C WHICH HELP TO CONTROL BLOOD SUGAR. THOUGH PEAR CONTAINS SUGAR IT WILL ABSORB GRADUALLY AND SLOWLY BY OUR BLOOD WHICH IS GOOD FOR DIABETICS. EVERY diabetic NEEDS 10 TO 15 GM YIELDED CARBOHYDRATE FOR THEIR DAILY ENERGY NEEDS AND THIS WILL BE PROVIDED BY 75 GMS OF PEAR
CARB CONTENTS OF PEARS:- 120 gms OF PEAR CONTAINS 8 gms OF AVAILABLE CARBOHYDRATES AND 7 GRAMS OF FIBERS
GLYCEMIC INDEX IS =41 (<77,SAFE)
GLYCEMIC LOAD IS =3.8 (<10,SAFE)

INDIAN GOOSEBERRY(நெல்லிக்காய் )
THIS FRUIT IS PROOVED AS THE BEST FRUIT IN PREVENTING ARTHRITIS, DIABETES, HEART DISEASES, INFLAMMATIONS, CANCER, LIVER DISEASES AND REDUCING BAD CHOLESTEROL WITHOUT AFFECTING GOOD CHOLESTEROL, BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH CONTENTS OF ANTIOXIDANTS LIKE VITAMIN C VITAMIN E ETC.ANTI OXIDANTS ARE PREVENTING OXIDATION OF FREE RADICALS TO FORM TOXIC MOLECULES WHICH CAUSE VARIOUS ILLNESSES LIKE DIABETES MELLITUS CANCER ETC. IN OUR BODY.
MOREOVER, THIS FRUIT CONTAINS VERY LOW SUGAR ALMOST TO ZERO.

STRAWBERRIES ARE ALSO LIKE OTHER BERRIES LIKE BLUEBERRIES,GOOSEBERRIES,BLACKBERRIES
 ARE GOOD FOR DIABETICS BECAUSE OF ITS DIABETIC FRIENDLY CONTENT OF LOW CARBOHYDRATE LEVEL ALONG WITH FIBERS.A 1 CUP SERVING SIZE OF STRAWBERRY CONTAINS APPROXIMATELY ABOUT 8 gms OF ACTIVE CARB AND 3 gms OF FIBERS. BECAUSE OF THIS FIBER RICHNESS CONSUMING DAILY 1 CUP STRAWBERRY WOULD NOT PRODUCE SPIKES AND IMMEDIATE HIGH RISES IN BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS.
ALSO STRAWBERRY CONTAINS ANTIOXIDANTS WHICH ARE GOOD FOR DIABETICS.
FOR 120 GRAMS STRAWBERRY ITS GLYCEMIC INDEX (THE AMOUNT OF CARBOHYDRATE THAT IS AVAILABLE FOR ABSORPTION BY THE GUT) =40 (<77 SAFE)
THE GLYCEMIC LOAD (THE AMOUNT OF CARB ADDED TO THE BLOOD) = 1(<10,SAFE)

URIC ACID AND GOUT

URIC ACID AND GOUT

GOUT AND URIC ACID

Gout is nowadays very common due to our modern purine rich foods
Gout is very painfull and it is due to an increase in the levels of blood Uric Acid (Hyperuricemia) But Hyperuricemia always may not result in Gout but Gout is due to Hyperuricemia only.The reason is not well defined.
In general whenever we take proteins they would be converted in the blood as nitrogen wastes such as Urea and Creatinine and excreted by the kidneys.
Purine is a kind of Aminoacids a nitrogen compound .When we took Purine rich foods like Red Meats (Mutton,Beef,Pork etc) heavy alcoholic drinks,and chocholates the ingested purines would be coverted by an enzyme Xanthine oxidase into Uric Acid and should be excreted by the kidneys.But due to some known or unknown reasons this will not happen and eventually the uricacid levels in the blood rises to hyperglycemia.The elevated Uric Acid would react with Sodium ions to form Sodium Urate crystals which are as sharp as the broken glass pieces and deposited into joint gaps to produce gouty pain.
Gout which may be caused by idiopathic unknown reasons is known as Primary Gout.90% of the cases fall into this
Gout which may due to some pathological reasons such as Kidney diseases,Cancer is known as Secondary Gout
Primary Gout is again classified into 1.Acute Gout;2.Chronic Gout.
Treatments: ACUTE GOUT :-1.Phenylbutazone;2.Indomethacin (Indocid);3.Colchicine;4.Most of the NSAIDs except Aspirin
Aspirin should not be taken for gout as it is a weak acid weaker than uric acid and hence it would block the excretion of uric acid by kidneys.
Phenylbutazone:-This medicine is because of its serious side effects now totally out of use in humen but still use as a vetarinary medicine for horses.
Its side effects are same like that of NSAIDs such as ulcer,GI tract bleedings,Kidney Damages ,mouth ulcers etc.etc.
Indomethacin also carries the same side effects but to a lesser extent and hence can be used causiously with the advice of a Doctor.
CHRONIC GOUT :-1.Probenecid 2.Sulfinpyrazone
Both the above mentioned uricosuric agents are also weak acids similar to aspirin but at the therapeutic dosage they become stronger than uric acid and promote its excretion.Hence Doctor has to device their dosages
Allopurinol (Zyloric) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.This medicine is more preferable and safe.
Xanthine Oxidase is an enzyme which is converting purune into uric acid.Allopurinol act by inhibit this enzyme.