CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS-PART-II

CALCIUM METABOLIC DEFECTS-TREATMENTS

HYPOCALCEMIA

 Symptoms 1.Muscular excitability

                    2.Parasthesiasis

                    3.Laryngospasm

                    4.Seizures

                    5.Tetany

                    Chvostek's and Troussean's sign

The facial muscle spasm that occurs when the facial nerve is streatched towards the anterior to the ear.This condition is known as Chvostek's syndrom

Carpal or carpopedal spasms in the hands during or after tied a tight cuff for a blood pressure measurement due to the occlution of the blood in that area.This condition is known as Troussean's syndrom

Common causes of Hypocalcemia

1.Chronic renal failure or End Stage Renal Failure

2.Parathyroid deficiency

3.Vitamin D deficiency

4.Malabsorption due to some diseases

5.Malnutritions.

Treatment options for Hypocalcemia

1.Calcium salts

a)Calcium chloride

b)Calcium gluceptate

c) Calcium gluconate

d)Calcium carbonate

Side effects

1.Peripheral vasodilation

2.Transienttigling

3.Rapid infusions may cause arrhyhmias

2.Vitamin D preparations 

a)Calcitrol a metabolite of vitamin D can cause quick raising of calcium levels

b)Ergocalciferol (Vit.D-2)

c)Cholecalciferol(Vit.D-3)

Mechanism Vitamin d is helping and facilitating calcium absorption at the intestine and decreasing its excretion by the kidneys.

Clinical Indications

1.Osteoporosis

2.End Stage Kidrey Failure

3.Rickets due to inadequate intake vit D

4.Rickets due to tissue resistance to vit- D

5.Osteomalacia

6.Hypoparathyroidism

Side effects

1.Vascular calcifications

2.Kidney calcium stones

3.Soft tissue calcium deposits.