ANTI-DEPRESSANTS-AMITRIPTYLINE

AMITRIPTYLINE 

(Disclaimer: - The information included on this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical treatment.)

Fig-1

This drug is available in pharmacies under the names ELIWEL, TRYPTOMER, and many other brands. They can be listed as follows.

Amichlor             Amitrol DS        Amilin

Amichlor-H         Amitrol              Eliwel

Amidon               Amixide             Emotrip

Amitone              Amixide-H         Libotryp

Librodep             Sarotena              Tadamit

                            Tryptomer

                            Tryptomer-SR

This drug is usually given for depression but is also prescribed by doctors as a pain reliever. Further, Although amitriptyline works through serotonin, it also acts through noradrenaline, unlike SSRI drugs (Figure-3). So although it is more powerful than SSRI drugs it has more side effects.

This prevents the reabsorption of not only serotonin but also other hormones between the nerve endings. So this cannot be called SSRI.

As for amitriptyline, it is used for depression but in very small doses it is also recommended by doctors as an analgesic.

Doctors rarely prescribe amitriptyline after the introduction of modern antidepressants such as SSRIs and SNRIs (We will see later about this in the headline SNRI)

USES

1. Depression (use approved by the drug control system)

2. Migraine.

3.Body and back pain

4.Diabetes neuropathy.

5.Nerve pains.

All of the above applications (2 to 5) are not approved by the Drug Administrations.

Side Effects:

1.Anticholinergic reactions.

2.The following α-adrenergic blocking reactions, viz

  Orthostatic Hypotension - A change in blood pressure 

 when the position is changed from a sitting position to a standing position

3. Weight gain

4. Insomnia.-Some doctors also prescribe it as a sleeping pill. But too much amitriptyline can cause insomnia. So focus.

5. Anorexia

6. Fatigue.-Doctors prescribe this medicine to stimulate the mind and body. But at the same time overuse can cause fatigue and tiredness in the body. So beware.

7.Nausea &Vomiting

Warnings

This drug should not be used spontaneously in the following conditions except under the supervision of a doctor.

1.Pregnancy period (especially the first trimester.

2. Breastfeeding period.

3.People with Kidney and Liver Disorder.

4.Patients with heart and blood pressure.

Other drug interactions with this drug: -

1. Do not take this with ulcer medicine like cisapride. Eating like that can damage the heart.

2.Quinidine drugs (heart disease)

3.SSRI Drugs,

(Examples) Fluoxetine (Flunil, Fludac)

             Paroxetine (Paxidep, Pexep)

             Fluvoxamine (Fluvoxin CR, Fluvator)

4.Quinapril (Q-press) -B.P. Drug

5.Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine (allergy and cold medicine)

6.Cimetidine-ulcer drug.

7.Zolpidem (Nightrest) -Sleeping.

We should not take amitriptyline with any of the above drugs.

Contraindications

Do not take amitriptyline under any of the following conditions:

1. Heart disease

2. Heart failure

3. Gallbladder disorder.

4. Liver disease

5. Irregular heartbeat

6. Heart attack

7.Kidney cancer

Frequently Asked Questions about Amitriptyline

1. Does this drug cause addiction?

Yes.

2 Is it possible to drive or operate heavy machinery after consuming this medicine?

Definitely not.

ANTI DEPRESSANTS- SSRI TYPE MEDICINES

 SEROTONIN SPECIFIC REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRIs)

(Disclaimer: - The information included on this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical treatment.)

Fig-1

For those who are depressed, the feelings of sadness are more intense. They cause chaos in their daily lives. This will make you unable to engage at home or at work. Feelings of depression can also lead to a variety of physical and emotional problems.

However, depression is one of the most easily cured mental disorders. But be a little mindful.80 to 90% of people benefit from some mental training in his endeavor. The mental exercises you need will depend on your specific situation, but for some, even though the medication may be very helpful, it is best to try as many mental exercises as possible.

Fig-2A

SSRIs for this depressive condition are now more commonly prescribed by doctors than any other type of medication. This is because they are safer than other drugs such as amitriptyline.

And according to a psychiatrist, this is due to chemical changes in the brain. That’s why he places more emphasis on drug therapy than mental training.

Fig-2B

How do SSRIs work?

Fig-3

SSRIs work by improving the function of nerve cells in the brain that control emotion. This serotonin helps in communication with signals between your brain cells. The chemicals that deliver these signals are called neurotransmitters. Serotonin is a type of neurotransmitter.

When these brain cells (called neurons) send signals to each other, they emit a little neurotransmitter to deliver the message. They then retrieve the released neurotransmitter. So that they can send the next message. This process of modifying the neurotransmitter is called "reuptake".

When you are struggling with depression, the areas of your brain that regulate mood, and send messages using serotonin, do not function properly. But these SSRIs make more serotonin available between neurons by inhibiting the "Reuptake Phenomenon Process". So neurons can send messages correctly between themselves. Therefore these drugs are called "Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors." or SSRIs.

Types of SSRIs: -

The following SSRIs are approved by the US FDA to treat depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders: -

• Citalopram (Celexa)
• Escitalopram (Lexapro)
• Fluoxetine (Prozac)
• Fluvoxamine (Luvox, Luvox CR)
• Paroxetine (Paxil, Paxil CR)
• Sertraline (Zoloft)

• Vilazodone (Viibryd)

Side effects: -

Each type of medical treatment carries some risks. Possible side effects of these SSRI antidepressant medications include:

-Sleeplessness

-Headache

-Raw

-Blurred vision

-Dizzy

-Dry mouth

-Rebellion or anxiety

-Dizziness

-Pain in the joints or muscles

-Nausea or diarrhea

-Less sexual desire

-Erectile or ejaculation problems

-Some people, especially children, and young people are more likely to have suicidal thoughts when they regularly take SSRIs.

-There are also important security issues to consider about SSRIs. Although this is rare, if too much serotonin accumulates in your body, you may suffer from a condition called SEROTONIN SYNDROME. This often happens when two different serotonin-boosting drugs are taken together.

Warning: -

Some SSRIs can cause dangerous, side effects with other medications you take. They may be prescribed by a doctor or herbal and supplemental medications. Before starting an SSRI type of medicine, be sure to tell your doctor about all types of medications and supplements you are taking.

Because all SSRIs work the same way, the side effects are often the same no matter what type of medication you take. But each SSRI has a different chemical nature, so if one drug you take causes side effects, you can avoid many side effects if you switch to another drug with a doctor's permission.

While some have side effects, others do not. In many cases, the side effects disappear after a few weeks of treatment. You need to work with your doctor to find the right medicine for you.

How long does it take for the SSRI to be beneficial?

Changes are usually noticed 4 to 6 weeks after treatment. It can take months to realize the full effect of the medication.

If after 6 to 8 weeks you have no improvement, talk to your doctor about trying another treatment or adjusting your medication dose.

Termination of treatment: -

These drugs can have dangerous side effects when abruptly stopped or left unattended for several days. This is known as Discontinuation Syndrome or Withdrawal Syndrome.

You may start to feel like you have a fever. The following symptoms may occur too.

Nausea

-Dizziness

-Discomfort

-Fatigue or laziness

That is why, with the help of your doctor, it is important that you slowly reduce the dose he or she prescribes, and gradually discontinue the medication if you are advised that it is time to stop.

THOUGHT DISORDER-OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER

MANIA- OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER(OCD)

(Disclaimer: - The information included on this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical treatment.)

Fig-1

Are you the one who comes back ten times and pulls the lock to see if the house is locked properly?

Are you the one who comes back again and again when you leave the house locked and checks to see if the box and bureau inside are locked properly?

Do you wash your hands unnecessarily?

Are you repeating the same phrase unnecessarily during the conversation?

Are you unnecessarily disciplined?

Then you may have this thought disorder called OCD. This mental illness

You too will hate everything and everybody else and you too will feel hated by others. It can take you to the brink of despair and leave you with a sense of failure and a sense of suicide.

Many people with OCD know that their actions are unreasonable, but when they try to ignore the urge to do something, their anxiety increases until they are forced to do so.

That is, manic obsessive-compulsive disorder is a condition in which the problems we face at every stage of life and the experiences they cause us to become a disease that gradually penetrates our thoughts. This is called Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in medical parlance.

This can also be explained as follows. That is, a person may feel the urge to repeat certain thoughts ("obsessions" -obsession) or feel the need to repeat certain procedures ("compulsions" - compulsion). These stubborn thoughts and feelings will cause him great suffering or make him forget the most necessary things he has to do and ignore that process.

For example, he would sometimes miss the train in the process of repeatedly hand-washing and repeatedly checking that the box was locked. Also, he may miss his important daily routines too. Rarely does this condition take him to the peak of despair and even prepare him for suicide.

The disease affects not only adults but also young people and children.

In short, it involves people having repetitive, unwanted thoughts, ideas, or feelings (obsessions) that motivate them to do something over and over again (compulsions).

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, OCD affects 1% of adults in the United States alone. OCD does not discriminate and can affect anyone regardless of race, gender or age. It can have a profound effect on a person's quality of life and can affect their emotional health, education, career, and even their social and personal life, as their passions can lead to many hours of empty rituals.

Types of OCD:-

1.Dirt and washing it

2. Suspicion of accidental harm

3. Proper OCD - Symmetry, arrangement, and counting.

4. Unacceptable forbidden thoughts and mental rituals.

5. Mental pollution.

6. Hoarding

7. Rumors.

8.Invasive thoughts

Symptoms:

 The symptoms of OCD can be classified as follows.

- The inability to control one's behavior or thoughts, even when one realizes that his behavior is irrational.

He spends at least an hour every day in vain for such behaviors and thoughts

-He will perform some rituals to get short-term relief from tension (as opposed to desire and satisfaction)

Motor Tics or sudden repetitive movements (e.g.) Blinking, shoulder rolling, facial movement, shoulder or head shaking, moaning, murmuring.

Symptoms may subside or worsen over time. Some OCD sufferers prefer to stay away from things or situations that trigger their disorders. Others choose drugs, alcohol, or both to keep themselves calm.

Factors: -

1. Children, younger and older generations who are treated cruelly and unjustly.

2. Frequent stressors lead to depression.

3. Twins born in the same image with a genetic disorder.

4. Subject to repetitive fearful situations.

OCD-A PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDER-A BRAIN DAMAGE

Fig-2A

Studies of OCD and related disorders suggest that OCD is caused by damage to a specific area of ​​the brain. This area is called the Basal Ganglia (Figure-2A).

The two brain structures that interact with the basal ganglia are the most active in OCD patients. Both of these structures are called the ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX (OFC) and the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus (ACG). (Figure-2B)

Fig-2B

Treatments.-

 Cognitive-behavioral therapy: -

Creating a fearless atmosphere.

Behaving in such a way as to instill loving confidence in the patient.

Thereby dispelling the impulsive and frightening thoughts that arise in his mind, and finally changing the stubborn repetitive thoughts. This treatment cannot be done overnight. It may take many days, many months, and even many years. But this is a much better treatment than prescription pills. No after-effects. Do not need the help of a doctor.

Dangerous drug pill treatments.

In allopathy, what they say about this condition, is this is caused by a deficiency of the hormone serotonin in the central nervous system. 

Hence if we go to a psychiatrist for treatment of this disease, they mostly prescribe SSRI (SEROTONIN SPECIFIC REUPTAKE INHIBITORS) type antidepressants that turn us into permanent drug-addicted patients.

SSRIs and their side effects: -

All of these SSRI medicines damage the central nervous system and brain when eaten continuously. In addition, the autonomic nervous system is severely affected as follows.

1 Anticholinergic effect

2 Alpha-Adrenergic pressure elevation (caution for those with the prostate problem)

3.Increasing heart rate

4.Irregular heartbeat.

Details about SSRI can be found in the next post.

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